Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is highly conserved enzymes composed of metal cofactors and proteins. This enzyme family converts superoxide anion (O2•−) to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Four groups of SODs have evolved in a variety of organisms possessing various catalytic metal ions: copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SODs), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SODs), and nickel superoxide dismutase (Ni-SODs). This metalloenzyme family is the most important line of defense against the potential damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present chapter describes the structure, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic effects in several physiological and pathological diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, as well as selective inhibitors of SODs.
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