Chapter 8 - Use of enzymes in sports and energy drinks

Abstract

Enzymes have played crucial role in the production, fortification and preservation of food and beverages; one that is economical and eco-friendly. Most modern-day nutritional supplements used by athletes focus primarily on, enhancing physical endurance, maximizing nutrient absorption, and mitigating injuries induced in sports. Inclusion of bioactive compounds, such as enzymes, has dramatically improved the aforesaid attributes in supplements. Whey supplements fortified with proteolytic enzymes have been shown to enhance the bio-absorption of proteins by hydrolyzing into its basal amino acids. These supplements also contain Lactases for breaking down sugars for consumers who are lactose intolerant. Energy drinks used by athletes contain blends of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate and aminotransferases that help in replenishing lost arginine pools during intense physical activity. Conversion of arginine to nitrous oxide in the cells has been directly related to increased blood flow to the muscles for enhanced workout and functioning. Amylases in energy drinks have been shown to restock the lost muscle glycogen by helping the conversion of complex carbohydrates to simple sugars, such as glucose. However, most of these enzymes are present in proprietary blends, with very less information on the ingredients. This chapter therefore discusses elaborately on numerous other enzymes, and their potential applications in sports supplementation.