Abstract
The colonization of Southeast Asia and Australia represents the longest continuous dispersal of hominins from Africa. It first involved Homo erectus about 2.0years ago or earlier and then Homo sapiens approximately 120 thousand years ago. Southeast Asia played an important role in human evolution. Pre–sapiens sites as old as 1.7, 1.9, 2.0, 2.25million years ago in Sangiran (Central Java), Mojokerto (East Java), Longgupo (Southwest China), and Renzidong (China), respectively, pose some important evolutionary implications. Another related issue that emerges from the anatomical features of Asian hominins is the diversity of combinations of intermediate archaic and modern traits seen in the fossil record. Genetic analyses using a number of marker systems, as well as contemporary and ancient populations for comparison, indicate that Australia possesses the deepest lineages of anatomical modern humans in the world. The DNA types that define Australian aborigines are found deep into the roots of human evolution, likely dating to the original settlement of the continent.
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