Abstract
This chapter discusses the New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced by Lenin in 1921. Lenin introduced the NEP as a temporary measure of expediency to facilitate economic recovery after the devastation of the Revolution and civil war. It consisted principally of concessions to the private sector in commerce and industry. Economically, the policy was a success because by the middle 1920s, production had reached pre-war levels. But in other respects, freedom often led to license and even anarchy in a society released from the restraints of the old order and not yet subjected to the full rigors of Soviet discipline. With the abandonment of NEP in 1928 and the inauguration of the first five-year plan, however, all this changed. The party threw its weight behind a renewed campaign against fellow travelling writers.
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