Abstract
A significant percentage of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients eventually require surgery, mainly in young patients, sometimes affecting children less than 10 years old. Those with severe functional valvular changes and dilated ventricles have progressive cardiac deterioration. Timely and appropriately performed surgery and perioperative care will be required. Indications and techniques for surgery of aortic, mitral, and tricuspid disease are discussed. Techniques of mitral valve repair have evolved significantly, and results are now much better; hence, comparison with replacement is favorable. With the exception of percutaneous treatment mitral stenosis, new technologies are, yet, not generally applicable in rheumatic disease. Further developments are expected.
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