Abstract
This chapter presents the basic concepts of surface tension and surface free energy, including the origination of surface tension and surface free energy, the surface tension of common liquids, and the variation of surface tension with temperature and pressure. Based on the basic concepts, the relation between liquid pressure and surface curvature and the relation between vapor pressure of liquid and surface curvature are discussed. Many methods for measuring surface tension are outlined, but only capillary rise method and ring method are commonly used, therefore, these are discussed in detail. Cohesion work and adhesion work, the spreading of one liquid on another liquid, are described. For liquid–liquid interfacial tension, Fowkes et al. developed a semiempirical treatment which is valuable to be introduced here. Since surface film provides a very efficient method for water conservation, the insoluble monomolecular film is introduced, and the various states of monomolecular film are shown in detail.
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