Abstract
This chapter summarizes the major achievements in Si research in Japan and describes the prospects for future research. Soils in quite large areas of rice production in Japan are deficient in Si. Rice in Japan is cultivated with heavy application of nitrogen fertilizer and at a high density, where a large amount of Si is especially required for high production of rice. Si is regarded as an “agronomically essential element” for rice in Japan and Si is applied as a fertilizer in paddy soils. Several new methods for estimation of available Si in soil have been developed. One of them is “incubation under a submerged condition” that was aimed to estimate the Si solubilized from soil under flooded condition. Major achievements in Si research include utilization of slag as a silicate fertilizer, development of new Si fertilizers, evaluation of rice straw as a Si source, distribution of Si accumulators in plant kingdom, form of Si taken up by rice plants and the mechanism of uptake, form and distribution of Si in plants, and beneficial effects of Si on crop growth.
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