Abstract
This chapter describes the basic principles of statistics. A random variable is a rule that assigns a numerical value to each outcome of an experiment. A random variable is called (1) finite discrete if it can take on only finitely many possible values; (2) infinite discrete if it can take on infinitely many values that can be arranged in a sequence; and (3) continuous if its possible values form an entire interval of numbers. If X is a random variable and x is a number, then P(X = x) is the probability that X will take on the value x. The chapter also discusses the arithmetic average or mean of the numbers, the standard deviation, and Chebyshev's theorem. It highlights that eExperiments for which there are only two possible outcomes are called Bernoulli experiments or Bernoulli trials. It is traditional to label arbitrarily one of the two outcomes success and the other failure.
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