Abstract
Noninvasive fetal genotyping for alloantigens of blood cells is indicated in relation to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). In a diagnostic setting it is used in alloimmunized women, to identify whether the fetus is at risk. In a screening setting it is used to identify women at risk for alloimmunization. In this chapter we describe the clinical background of HDFN and FNAIT as well as the currently available possibilities to prevent immunization by antenatal immunoprophylaxis. This will provide insight for which alloantigens noninvasive genotyping assays are relevant. The molecular basis of these antigen systems is described, and an overview is given of the technical approaches and accuracy of noninvasive genotyping assays.
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