Abstract
Climate change is one of the great challenges for humanity today. Particularly in agricultural production, it is of great relevance since crop plants are negatively affected by the different effects of this phenomenon. Abiotic stress, caused by various environmental conditions beyond the optimum required for crop production, can drastically decrease productivity. However, technological advances have allowed the development of new tools that can be very useful in reducing the adverse effects of stressful environmental conditions for crop plants. Nanotechnology, which uses nanomaterials with at least one dimension smaller than 100nm, is a relatively new technology that can provide various applications in agriculture. One of the characteristics of these nanomaterials is their ability to induce biostimulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant compounds in plants. Among their many functions, these compounds may have the ability to induce tolerance to different types of abiotic stress in plants, such as greater tolerance to salinity, high and low temperatures, and heavy metals, among others. Therefore, this chapter describes the application of nanotechnology in crop plants to enhance tolerance to the different types of abiotic stress.
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