Abstract
Studies on the metallothermic reduction of titanium oxide are reviewed along with the history of the research and development. It is thought that these studies on process development, such as those for calciothermic reduction, have the potential to lead to a historic breakthrough in titanium smelting and refining because the processing plants for the metallothermic reduction of titanium oxide can be constructed relatively easily and the process can be scaled up rapidly. On the other hand, methods for producing metallic titanium directly from titanium oxide by metallothermic reduction have many problems remaining to be solved before they can be implemented industrially, including the control of impurities, separation of molten salts and produced titanium, and energy efficiency. Future innovative developments in the metallothermic reduction processes are expected.
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