Abstract
The formation of the intestinal microbiome is a process influenced by internal factors, intrinsic to the host, and external ones, including type of birth, geographic region, environmental contamination, feeding pattern, and the use of medicines. Microbiome activity in the gut is related to the degradation of carbohydrates and other substrates, producing bioactive fatty acids and metabolites. The identification of bacterial metabolites in the gut environment is being revealed by metabolomic approaches, which play a key role in connecting host phenotypes and microbiome functions. Metabolic pathways are revealed under both healthy and diseased conditions. Indeed, the understanding of these biochemical host–microbiome interactions may help in the establishment of new biomarkers useful in diagnosis. This chapter will discuss some of these metabolic processes in relation to newborns, adults, and the elderly.
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