Abstract
Liquid water management is critical to proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance, and though the topic has received significant attention over the past couple of decades, it remains a challenge as new materials and architectures are introduced in pursuit of higher efficiency and power density. While water is necessary to facilitate efficient ionomer membrane function, its buildup in the liquid phase can saturate pores and reduce reactant gas diffusion rates. A primary challenge to liquid water transport at PEMFC length scales is that surface tension is dominant and so capillary effects at various interfaces must be understood and accounted for. Additionally, complex two-phase flow dynamics in the porous layers, as well as reactant channels, can have a large impact on overpotential and stability. This chapter discusses from a practical perspective liquid water production and transport in PEMFC systems, strategies to mitigate flooding, and new directions for the design and analysis of next-generation membrane electrode assembly and flow-field systems.
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