Abstract
In this chapter, the heat generation mechanisms are introduced. Different types of waste heat are explained, namely, reversible heat, irreversible heat, Joule heat, and latent heat of phase change. The heat transport mechanisms within different components of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are also introduced. The cooling methods for fuel cell stacks and their pros and cons, as well as their corresponding application scenarios, are well elucidated, for instance, air cooling, heat spreader cooling, liquid cooling, nanofluids cooling, evaporative cooling, flow boiling cooling, heat pipe cooling, and phase-change materials. The functions of each component included in a representative thermal management subsystem of the PEMFC stack are explained. The control strategies applied in thermal management, like proportional–integral–derivative control, model predictive control, fuzzy control, artificial neural network control, adaptive control, and robust control, are presented.
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