Abstract
The chapter explains that soil moisture content depends not only on topography but also on some physical and hydraulic characteristics of soils, such as soil texture and soil water retention. Topography is one of the soil-forming factors. Topography influences climatic and meteorological characteristics, which affect the hydrological and temperature regimes of soils, the prerequisites of the gravity-driven lateral overland and intrasoil transport of water and other substances as well as the spatial distribution of the vegetation cover. Topography directly or indirectly controls the spatial distribution of physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. The influence of topography on soil properties depends on the management or tillage practice, for instance, zero tillage versus conventional tillage. Topography influences soil properties through two main “tools”: the gravity-driven lateral migration and accumulation of water and spatial differentiation of the temperature regime of slopes.
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