Abstract

This chapter first acquaints the readers with the three laws of thermodynamics. Then, it communicates energy has both quantity and quality, and energy naturally flows in the decreasing-quality direction. Entropy can be perceived in terms of disorder, and it is generated in all real processes. The concept of thermal reservoirs as the heat source and heat sink is presented. It explains what a heat engine is. The theoretically best heat engine, the Carnot engine, is then described. Reverse heat engines such as refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat pumps are also disclosed.

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