Chapter 7 - Simulation of Percutaneous Structural Interventions

Abstract

Cardiovascular application of three-dimensional printing has recently expanded to cover percutaneous structural interventions. Such an approach provides significant advantages, which encompass improved safety and efficacy in device delivery and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the availability of physical models and the improved visualization of the underlying anatomy can be a major determinant of success in complex structural interventions. In this chapter, we review the recent application of three-dimensional printing for simulation of intervention in valvular, congenital, vascular, and miscellaneous cardiovascular conditions.