Abstract
The final photon efficacy of a light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire is determined by the inherent efficiency and photon wavelength of the LED package(s), multiplied by four losses associated with the design of the LED luminaire. Depending on the design of the LED luminaire and choice of operating conditions, there can be additional LED package–related losses of current droop and thermal droop; and there will be non-LED package losses related to power supply efficiency and optical efficiency. Here, we describe the typical performance of a range of high-end LED packages with peak wavelengths across the photo-biologically active range of radiation (280–800nm). We describe how current and thermal droops affect the efficiency of the LED luminaire. Finally, the performances of some state-of-the-art LED luminaires are described.
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