Abstract
Since the invention of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by Dr. C. W. Tang in 1987, studies in related fields have been developed rapidly. Now, small to medium-size OLED displays have been commercialized. Large OLED televisions and OLED lighting have also emerged as applications. This chapter introduces recent advances in materials for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on small-molecule devices, including (1) transparent electrode materials, especially indium tin oxide (ITO)-free anodes; (2) electron-injection materials and new electrode modification methods; (3) charge-transporting organic semiconductors (OSCs), high-mobility materials, and ambipolar materials; (4) phosphorescent emitters; (5) triplet harvesting fluorescent materials, mainly materials with TADF (E-type delayed fluorescence), and TTA (P-type delayed fluorescence). Device engineering toward high-performance white OLED (WOLED) devices is also introduced.
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