Abstract
Due to global warming, temperatures rising, and dry conditions persisting, more countries are experiencing water stress and shortages. As a consequence of these issues, there is a shortage of clean water for human consumption and agricultural usage. As a result of chemical, inorganic, and microbiological water deterioration, a large portion of the accessible water is useless. The current chapter lies under the scientific areas of improvements to the material surface and new adsorbing materials. Carbon quantum dots rich in functional groups and a graphene structure are obtained through a treatment method, such as microwave and hydrothermal techniques, using biological materials and low-cost raw materials. Graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanomaterials have also been utilized as adsorbents and stabilizers in membranes to advance water flow and antifouling performance. Water treatment materials established on GQD nanostructures are intriguing because they can assure a plentiful sustenance supply while protecting the environment.
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