Abstract
The chapter describes a certain form of exposure treatment for specific phobias in children called one-session treatment (OST) since the entire treatment is done in one session maximized to 3h. In addition to exposure, OST often consists of participant modeling, cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, skills training, and social reinforcement. A tentative meta-analysis of research studies, with participants 4–17 years old, yielded a very large within-group effect size of the clinician severity rating at post-assessment, which even increased significantly at follow-up assessment on average 6 months later. Type of specific phobia, age, or gender did not significantly moderate the effect size. The chapter also describes how to introduce the treatment strategy to children/parents, strategies for increasing collaboration, a step-by-step guide for implementation, homework practice and maintenance program, and challenges with the implementation of OST.
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