Abstract
This chapter covers enzymatic- and nonenzymatic-based biosensors. We begin with the merits and demerits of enzyme and nonenzymatic biosensors and how to overcome these problems. The next section focuses on how nanomaterials are important and their role in recent development of biosensors for various applications. Before understanding the role of different nanomaterials, the factors which affect the biosensor performance and importance of sensing parameters are discussed. Nanomaterials based on metal and metal oxide particles, particularly two-dimensional (2D) based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphene and nongraphene-based (WS2, MoS2, SnS2) 2D materials are discussed. Finally the last section of this chapter discusses current state of the art and how to overcome problems in practical applications and future challenges.
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