Abstract
This chapter presents a review on the interactions of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with plant roots, with an emphasis on the biophysicochemical processes that occur. We discuss what are specific characteristics of nanoparticles and ENMs that determine their availability, which is helpful in assessing the fate, speciation, and bioavailability of these materials in the environment. Most studies have suggested that uptake of ENMs by plants is influenced by the growth media. According to the literature, bioaccumulation of ENMs occurs mostly in the root of the plant. Different factors influence the overall uptake including plant species, type of ENMs, and microbial interactions. Additionally, high sensitive analytical methods are crucial to properly study the biotransformation of ENMs in plants.
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