Chapter 7 - Biological/synthetic receptors (antibody, enzyme, and aptamer) used for biosensors development for virus detection

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as 2019-nCov or COVID-19) outbreak has become a huge public health issue due to its rapid transmission, making it a global pandemic. To manage the outbreak, it is the need of the hour to develop biosensing techniques for rapid, sensitive and efficient detection of the virus which will help accelerate life-saving decisions on treatment and isolation of COVID-19 patients at an early stage. Currently, biosensors are the most efficient, quick and cost-effective diagnostic method available for any form of detection, including viruses, in the medical field. In this chapter, they will focus on the different types of biological and synthetic receptors which are incorporated during the fabrication of biosensors for the detection of various viruses. Molecular recognition of a particular virus requires biological or chemically modified receptors for eg., antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, etc. that makes the biosensor specific towards the targeted virus or viral component. The goal of this bookchapter is to create a basis for similar research to be carried out for the development of biosensors using different bioreceptors specific for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.