Abstract
Biodiesel can be produced by esterification of free fatty acid or transesterification of triglyceride in the presence of alcohol catalyzed by lipases or chemical catalyst. The conventional esterification process using acid catalyst causes corrosion, and is an energy-intensive method that can cause environmental problems. Meanwhile, the transesterification process using alkali catalyst needs high-quality feedstock, and results in difficult product separation and waste generation. The application of an enzymatic catalyst has drawn the interest of the biodiesel industry as the reaction is very specific and can avoid the formation of byproducts. In addition, simultaneous esterification and transesterification can be performed using lipases. The implementation of different methods for enzymatic catalysts will pave the way toward sustainable, renewable, and green energy production.
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