Abstract
The detection of glucose in solution was, in a way, the first application that led to the development of biosensors. Over the years more and more sophisticated biosensors have been developed for the detection of glucose in keeping with the current trends in research, such as nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. This chapter examines the different types of biosensors that have been used to detect glucose in solution and analyzes the kinetics of binding and dissociation in biosensors using fractal analysis. The examples discussed in the chapter include fabrication of microband glucose biosensors using a screen-printed water-based (WB) carbon ink for serum analysis; poly(vinylpyrrolidine)-doped nitric oxide-releasing xerogels as glucose biosensor membranes; a glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase onto multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT)-polyelectrolyte loaded electrospun nanofibrous membrane; urine glucose meter based on a microplaner amperometric biosensor and its clinical application for the self-monitoring of urine glucose; carbon post-microarrays for glucose sensors; glucose sensing electrodes based on a poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene)/Prussian blue bilayer and multiwalled CNTs. Other examples discussed include fabrication of a glucose sensor based on a novel nanocomposite electrode; the evolution of commercialized glucose sensors in China; a sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor in alkaline media with a copper nanocluster/multiwall CNT-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE); Pt-Pb nanowire array electrode (NAE) for enzyme-free glucose detection, preparation of functionalized copper nanoparticles and fabrication of a glucose sensor; the role of H2O2 outer diffusion on the performance of implantable glucose sensors, a glucose biosensor based on Prussian blue/chitosan hybrid film; a novel system based on impedance spectroscopy for noninvasive glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes; and home blood glucose biosensors: a commercial perspective.
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