Abstract
Enzymatic glucose biosensors are being developed to incorporate nanoscale materials with the biological recognition elements to assist in the rapid and sensitive detection of glucose. Here we present a highly sensitive and selective glucose sensor based on capacitor circuit that is capable of selectively sensing glucose while simultaneously powering a small microelectronic device. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is chemically modified with pyrroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) and bilirubin oxidase (BOD) at anode and cathode, respectively, in the biofuel cell arrangement. The input voltage (as low as 0.25 V) from the biofuel cell is converted to a stepped-up power and charged to the capacitor to the voltage of 1.8 V. The frequency of the charge/discharge cycle of the capacitor corresponded to the oxidation of glucose. The biofuel cell structure-based glucose sensor synergizes the advantages of both the glucose biosensor and biofuel cell. In addition, this glucose sensor favored a very high selectivity towards glucose in the presence of competing and non-competing analytes. It exhibited unprecedented sensitivity of 37.66 Hz/mM.cm2 and a linear range of 1 to 20 mM. This innovative self-powered glucose sensor opens new doors for implementation of biofuel cells and capacitor circuits for medical diagnosis and powering therapeutic devices.
Highlights
To overcome the drawbacks of discrete glucose sampling, we report a self-powered glucose sensor based capacitor circuit that provides the desired continuous blood glucose sensing
Each bioelectrode surface is first treated with a heterobifunctional crosslinker, 1-pyrenebutanoic succinimidyl ester (PBSE, 1 mM) prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to chemically crosslink the mesh dense network of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via the π–π bonding[6]
Each bioelectrode employed in the biofuel cell has an active surface area of 0.04 cm[2] and is formed from two mesh network of MWCNT substrate frames, and 200 μm tungsten wire is manually attached by silver conductive epoxy (Fig. 1A)
Summary
To overcome the drawbacks of discrete glucose sampling, we report a self-powered glucose sensor based capacitor circuit that provides the desired continuous blood glucose sensing. The system is based on the generation and accumulation of electrical power in a capacitor via a charge pump integrated circuit as a result of the oxidation of glucose. We reasoned that the frequency of charging/discharging the capacitor would be an ideal glucose sensing scheme, with improved detection sensitivity and selectivity without the use of a potentiostat circuit or an external power source as used in glucometers and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). We designed and developed an innovative self-powered glucose sensor based capacitor www.nature.com/scientificreports/. Circuit that comprises of an enzymatic glucose biofuel cell and capacitor for generating bioelectricity and sensing glucose, respectively
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