Abstract
In addition to periodontal pocket reduction and access for root planing, one of the objectives of periodontal surgery is the correction of anatomic defects that may favor plaque/biofilm accumulation, pocket recurrence, and impair aesthetics. The lack of keratinized attached gingiva around the dentition may make it difficult for the patient to practice good plaque/biofilm removal. The surgical correction of these anatomic defects by gingival augmentation (grafts) is an example of utilizing periodontal plastic surgery to alter the gingival anatomy that would have otherwise predisposed the gingiva to periodontal disease. Periodontal plastic surgery can also help improve gingival aesthetics where there is excessive gingival margin recession. The numerous periodontal plastic surgical techniques available today and the future of tissue engineering to allow minimally invasive surgical procedures will be presented in this chapter.
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