Chapter 63 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

Livestock constitute one of the major groups of terrestrial repositories for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). From a nutrition toxicity standpoint, much emphasis had been placed on the safety of edible products derived from these animals until recently. Studies in goats, cows, and pigs have shown that PAHs undergo extensive biotransformation, and the transfer of PAH metabolites to the young depends on the lipophilicity of these compounds. The consequences of pre- and postnatal exposure to PAHs on the health of developing farm animals have not been investigated. The literature is replete with PAH toxicity in rodent models, but similar information is scarce for farm animals. Although rodents and livestock differ in their ability to process these toxicants and the manifestation of toxicity notwithstanding, the reproductive health of livestock is a major concern because PAHs are endocrine disruptors. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to critically assess the available data and put the findings into perspective without making sweeping generalizations. This chapter will contribute to increasing awareness among farm animal handlers about the harmful effects of PAHs and also aid regulatory agencies in developing appropriate risk management strategies.