Abstract
Stem cells have the capacity for differentiation and self-renewal. In the eye, endogenous retinal cells have been identified to express stem cell characteristics, which are crucial for maintaining and repairing the eye during physiological condition. On the other hand, exogenous stem cells are examined as an alternative source for stem cell therapy. Here, we review the properties of endogenous retinal stem cells in particular Müller, ciliary-epithelial, corneal epithelial, and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, together with exogenous stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)/embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells and discuss the potential advantages as cell therapies for retinal degeneration diseases.
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