Abstract

The world population increased nearly 3 times since 1950; but, despite the increased demand, agriculture has done a remarkable job in meeting basic food requirements. However, these increases have come at a cost of lower crop diversity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium impacts, and loss of ecosystem services. Coupling increased crop diversity with conservation cropping systems can help address the negative impacts of agriculture while still meeting food production needs. Increased crop diversity and conservation agriculture techniques can reduce erosion losses, improve soil health, increase soil water availability, and enhance ecosystems services. Conservation agriculture can enhance crop diversity since some attributes of using no-till techniques, such as increased soil water availability and improved soil organic matter, can provide opportunities to enhance the producer’s crop portfolio. Historically, agricultural systems have focused on production, but recently the focus has shifted to other aspects, including ecosystem services and climate-smart agriculture. Combining conservation tillage with improved crop diversity can provide a mechanism to address these new interests. However, this agricultural system will require sound ecologically based management and strategies to enhance farmers’ adaptation of the technology.

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