Abstract
This chapter discusses the theory of the gene. In the nucleus of the cell, the chromosomes are present in the form of pairs, the two members of a pair being alike in respect of size and shape, being homologous. As the pairs themselves differ in respect of these and certain other qualities, it can be shown that the number of pairs of individual chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell belonging to an individual of a particular species is constant and characteristic of the species. Of these pairs of chromosomes, one differs from all the rest in that its members are not alike. In Homo sapiens, it is established that there are 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. Of these, 22 pairs consist of members that are indistinguishable, whereas the remaining pair in the male consists of chromosomes that are unequal in size, one being much larger than the other. In the female, on the other hand, the two members are alike.
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