Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between gut microbiota composition changes and different types and stages of chronic liver diseases. Consistent findings seem to indicate a potential role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of liver damage. However, conclusive answers are still lacking to two fundamental questions: (1) Do changes in gut microbiota contribute to liver disease development, or are they simply a consequence of the disease? (2) May altering gut microbiota prevent the onset or influence the outcome of liver diseases? In the present chapter, the authors analyze the available data and highlight the significant contributions in the field of two primary chronic liver conditions: metabolic liver disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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