Abstract
This chapter discusses the onset of female puberty and underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms have been primarily examined in four species, namely, human, rhesus monkey, sheep, and laboratory rat. Each species has peculiarities, but certain basic mechanisms likely operate in all of them. This is particularly true for the biochemical events underlying the physiological changes of development. Human fetal hypothalami contain detectable amounts of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) by the 10th week of gestational life. The concentration of the neuropeptide increases several fold between the 10th and 22nd week of gestation. Human pituitary cells respond to LHRH very early (week 10–20) during fetal life. Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone have been detected in the pituitary of the 68-day-old fetus.
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