Abstract
Targeted genome editing has opened new frontiers to study gene functions by introducing alterations in the genome of an organism. The process incorporates deletion, insertion, or modification of gene at specific sites in a DNA sequence. Deliberate genetic changes in human cells may prevent or treat a specific disease condition; this way, averting the use of drugs and surgery. In this chapter, we will be focusing primarily on different techniques and their application in modern medicine/clinical aspect such as Homologous recombination, Endonucleases, Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENS) and specially Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), that has revolutionized the way gene editing is done. Modern gene-editing techniques have dramatically improved our ability to do basic research, drug development, agriculture, and eventually treating human patients with genetic disease.
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