Abstract
Several groups of microorganisms have developed a kind of biofilm structure by acquiring the ability to attach to different kinds of surfaces which can pose a serious health hazard. It is an issue of considerable concern to healthcare providers. There is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial or antibiofilm surfaces and biomedical devices that protect against biofilm formation and planktonic pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains. In this context, smart nanomaterial and their compositions represent a new approach to preventing and eliminating biofilm-forming microorganisms. The recent developments in the material science and engineering field and steady progress in the nanotechnology field have created opportunities to design new biomaterials and surfaces with antiinfective, antifouling, bactericidal, and antibiofilm properties. Presently, in this chapter, we review several recently developed nanotechnology-based biomaterials and explain underlying strategies used to make antibiofilm surfaces.
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