Abstract
This chapter assesses the term 'Rules of Engagement' (RoE) and analyses why decisions to use force have caused difficulties in the past and why RoE are still perceived as a burden, causing considerable inconvenience for commanders and soldiers during military operations nowadays. It explores what possible remedies may entail and examines why only a very few cases involving the use of excessive force may lead to prosecution. In RoE, the terms 'hostile act' and 'hostile intent' play a prominent role. The chapter also presents a few examples that reveal some particularities in case of a decision to prosecute. The increased attention given to conduct and behaviour during recruit training/initial training and during pre-deployment training have borne fruit. Specific training packages on IHL, IHRL, conduct and discipline and RoE have been developed over the years and are used widely by armed forces. Keywords:armed conflict; military operations; pre-deployment training; Rules of Engagement (ROE)
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