Abstract
Soil salinity is a major global concern, endangering agriculture, land productivity, the environment, and the capacity of all ecosystems, particularly in dry and semiarid locations throughout the world. It is a phenomenon that has a detrimental effect on agricultural productivity and soil qualities and is closely related to irrigation and groundwater. It has been estimated that half of the arable land of the world will be saline by 2050. Because soil salinity has a significant effect on the growth and development of crops, its mitigation is of major concern to the world. It has been established that halotolerant microbial inoculants or plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) regulate salt stress at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels, conferring salinity tolerance on crops grown in a saline environment. The PGPRs promote plant growth by regulating membrane integrity, osmolytes accumulation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, phytohormone signaling, cell wall modulation, cytoskeleton activities, and ionic balance. This chapter will summarize current information regarding the control of salt stress by microbial inoculants in order to confer salt stress tolerance in horticultural crops.
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