Abstract
In this chapter, we are presenting the developments in permanent magnetic materials and their processing techniques. We discuss different alloy systems, rare-earth (RE) Nd-Fe-B, Sm-Co based materials, RE lean 1:12 alloys, and RE-free alloys which have attracted renewed research interest due to the recent RE crisis. Developments in RE-based nanocomposite magnets Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe, SmCo5/α-Fe, and Mn-based (Mn-Al, Mn-Bi, Mn-Ga) Co-Zr-based alloys are included in this section. Enhancement in coercivity by grain boundary diffusion process RE-Fe-B alloys is presented. Processing techniques such as mechanochemical synthesis, which is being explored recently to process fine-grained nanosized particles with better magnetic properties and consolidation techniques such as spark plasma sintering and microwave sintering are presented. The chapter gives an overall view on the developments happened in the last two decades in the alloys and their processing techniques.
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