Abstract
Pulsed-laser-generated ultrasonic imaging uses a technology similar to that used in conventional ultrasound imaging in medical science. The transient stress generated in the tissue by selective optical absorption of tissue-chromophore causes a pressure build-up that propagates as thermoelastic waves that are detected by ultrasonic transducers. Photoacoustic images (PAI) reveal the molecules present in the tissue of internal organs using the techniques of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE), and photoacoustic tomography (PAT). In the photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of tissue structure, detectors with a broadband frequency response are employed for ultrasound pressures in the kilo-Pascal range. Knowledge of the depth and thickness of skin cancer (melanoma) is critical to it's treatment and PAM has been used to produce three-dimensional images of subcutaneous melanomas and their surrounding vasculature in nude mice. PAE has been an effective instrument for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. PAT produces histologic, metabolic, and functional imaging through endogenous contrast and molecular and cellular imaging through exogenous contrast.
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