Abstract
Ion exchange is one of the most important processes affecting the transport and adsorption of ions in soils. This chapter covers the properties of both cation and anion exchange, how they are measured, and the characteristics of the processes. Various ion exchange selectivity coefficients are defined, including Kerr, Vanselow, Gapon, and Gaines and Thomas. Methods and analyses are presented for determining the thermodynamics of ion exchange. A derivation to create a nonpreferential adsorption isotherm for a heterovalent ion exchange system is presented. The significance of the selectivity coefficients and thermodynamic parameters on ion exchange processes in soils is discussed.
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