Abstract
Sorption phenomena are perhaps the most consequential reactions that occur in soils. Sorption is an inclusive term that denotes adsorption and surface precipitation. This chapter provides a robust description of sorption phenomena related to surface functional group reactivity and mineral surface charge. Surface complexes are defined via a polyhedral approach, and example surface complexes are given. Effects of ionic strength are discussed. Traditional adsorption isotherms, such as Freundlich and Langmuir, are described as well as a description of the diffuse double layer is provided. Modern approaches that incorporate surface complexation models, specifically the CD-MUSIC model, are described. Trends for the sorption of both cations and anions in relation to soil solution conditions are explained, as well as a discussion of surface precipitation. Modern techniques such as X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy are explained using relevant examples.
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