Abstract
The principal objectives in this chapter are to discuss the several ways in which separation processes, ranging from distillation and evaporation though drying and crystallisation, and, in this second edition, electrolysis, can be intensified. There are process-specific methods such as liquid–liquid extraction, absorption and adsorption that must also be considered. The range of technologies is substantial, including high gravity fields (the HiGee distillation unit) and microwaves for drying. Techniques familiar to chemical engineers, including divided wall distillation columns (some say ‘dividing wall’) and new packing, are also covered. The aim is also to introduce the concepts so that they can be appreciated in the later applications chapters.
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