Abstract
Excessive water production increases operational costs and causes environmental issues. The water source can be from either aquifer encroachment or breakthrough during waterflooding. Implementing polymer gels is one of the improved oil recovery (IOR) methods used for water shutoff purposes. This technique has many advantages, including more flexibility, no need for additional equipment (e.g., workup rigs), and conformance control characteristics. Polymer gels are injected in the form of either in situ or preformed gels. Various in situ gels are implemented for water shutoff purposes, including bulk gels (BGs) and colloidal dispersion gels (CDGs). Preformed gels are classified into preformed particle gels (PPGs), temperature-activated polymer (TAP) gels, and pH-sensitive microgels. This chapter aims to clarify the role of gel conformance control and explains the characteristics, treatment mechanisms, transport, modeling approaches, and field applications of various gel treatments. The advantages and disadvantages of these treatment methods are also highlighted.
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