Abstract
This chapter is focused on defect evaluation using longitudinal and lateral heat conduction of eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT). In the first section, characterization of wall thinning defects and inner defects in steel is investigated in the time domain. Characterization was performed under transmission and reflection modes through 1D analytical analysis, 3D numerical studies, and experimental studies. In the second section, logarithmic analysis to quantify the depth of subsurface defects is proposed and verified through numerical and experimental studies. Results show that temperature-time curves in the logarithm domain can be used to detect subsurface defects, and separation time can measure defect depth. The third section introduces lateral heat conduction (LHC) for the detection of cracks parallel to the inductive coil (parallel cracks) and natural oblique cracks. Due to the significant temperature gradient, the spatial derivative and gradient were proposed to improve detectability of natural oblique cracks in rail.
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