Abstract
Dendrobium is the second largest genus in the family Orchidaceae, and it contains dozens of varieties. Among these varieties, Dendrobium officinale is considered as a quite precious one. The chemical composition in D. officinale is complex, including polysaccharide, phenanthrene and bibenzyls, amino acids, trace elements, lignans, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoid, other compounds, such as ocean dihuang lactones, naringenin, β-sitosterol, palmitic acid, and so on. Polysaccharide is a main bioactive constituent in D. officinale. Many researchers have proved the bioactivities of D. officinale polysaccharides in antitumor, antioxidant, immune modulation, and so on. It has been demonstrated that the perfect immunomodulatory activity of D. officinale polysaccharide is closely related to its structural characteristics, especially the O-acetyl groups. This chapter introduces the preparation of D. officinale polysaccharide, its structural features, chemical modifications, biological activities, and structure−bioactivity relationship.
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