Abstract
The chapter describes a major contemporary thrust in computational electromagnetics, the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) technique, for the direct numerical solution of Maxwell's equations in the time domain (TD). No study related to the electromagnetic scattering, propagation, coupling, and interaction phenomena is complete without an insight into the real-time knowledge of the electromagnetic fields. The detail formulation and application of FDTD to various electromagnetic field problems is addressed here. The FDTD technique is a computationally efficient means of directly solving Maxwell's time-dependent curl equations or their equivalent integral equations using the finite-difference technique. In this extensively computer-based numerical method, the continuous distribution of electromagnetic fields in a finite volume of space is sampled at distinct points in a space and time lattice. The chapter also presents a detailed overview of the FDTD method to solve electromagnetic scattering/interaction problems in both closed and open regions. Although the treatment described is of a tutorial nature with emphasis on understanding the technique; in reality, the method has been applied to extremely complex situations. As a result, this method continues to receive much attention from the scientific and the engineering community.
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