Abstract
This chapter examines the transitions in Aotearoa New Zealand from carbon neutrality goals to large-scale oil and gas expansion plans to an eventual ban on offshore exploration. For decades, New Zealand had extracted relatively small amounts of oil for export and gas for domestic consumption. However, beginning around 2010, global demands and unconventional technologies supported industry and political interests in expanding export-oriented exploration in deeper offshore waters. In response, coastal communities and environmental groups mobilized multiple campaigns to resist specific projects, to challenge the national proextraction agenda, and to advance climate policies. By contesting offshore exploration and advocating for climate action, citizen activists and community advocates welcomed in a new government and a ban on future offshore exploration. This chapter assesses three cases within these transitions: the proposed siting of a coastal terminal, contested images of oil employment and lowered petrol prices, and aspirations of green jobs and exporting renewable energy technology.
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