Abstract
This chapter examines various aspects of the ecology of elephants living in captive environments and their genetics. It considers studies of thermoregulation and the acclimatisation of elephants to new environments along with food preferences, food consumption, digestibility and energetics. Studies of zoo enclosure use and damage by elephants are discussed, including preferences for particular substrates, and indoor versus outdoor space use. The population biology of captive elephants is considered including their longevity, life expectancy, birth rates, calf survival, mean calving interval, reproductive performance, the sustainability of zoo populations and importation of elephants to western zoos from range states. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the genetic diversity of captive elephants as well as intraspecific and interspecific hybridisation.
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