Abstract
Diseases of the mitral valve form a large group of anomalies. Mitral valve prolapse, isolated cleft of the anterior mitral valve leaflet, double orifice mitral valve, and supravalvar mitral membrane are the most common abnormalities affecting the mitral valve leaflets. Mitral valve straddling and parachute mitral valve are examples of anomalies of the tensor apparatus. Rheumatic heart disease is the most common cause of acquired mitral valve disease. From a functional point of view, mitral valve abnormalities can lead to varying degrees of regurgitation or stenosis. Due to the critical importance of the mitral valve, these disorders are typically clinically poorly tolerated. Cardiac surgery is the treatment of choice in patients with mitral valve disease, but despite recent advances in valve preserving surgical techniques, mitral valve replacement may often represent the only treatment option.
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